Global history and geography grade 9. 4 MB) Rating Guide, Part IIIA and Part IIIB - DBQ (6.

Global history and geography grade 9 A chronological approach is used in Global History and Geography. New York State Global Regents Review Sheet Use this page's links as an online review packet and study guide for the Global History and Geography II Regents. Each of these units have been adapted and modified from New Visions for Public Schools to go along with the new New York State Common Core Global History and Geography I standards. We will spend The Global History and Geography Core Curriculum is based on the five social studies standards: History of the United States and New York; World History; Geography; Economics; and Civics, Citizenship, and Government. Just copy and paste the links into your browser, and you're all set! The Grade 9 Historical Thinking Tools and Analysis Strategies are intended for use with the Grade 9 Passport to Social Studies Global History and Geography I curriculum. The course emphasizes the key themes of interactions over time, shifts in political power, and the role of belief systems. The Global History and Geography Interactive Curriculum Guide, developed by Greece Central School District Social Studies teachers, provides teachers with a framework for preparing students for the New York State Global Regents Exam. Students employ the methods of the social sciences to examine the broad sweep of history from multiple perspectives. The following links have all sorts of different review material for the Global History and Geography Regents exam. 0 MB) GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY II (GRADE 10) Friday, June 17, 2022 — 9:15 a. Sep 5, 2025 · August 2022 June 2022 Notice to Teachers: June 2022 Global History and Geography II (Grade 10), Spanish Edition, only, Question 15, only (116 KB) January 2020 August 2019 June 2019 Notice to Teachers: June 2019 Regents Exam in Global History and Geography II (Grade 10), Chinese Edition, only, Question 21, only (87 KB) Get the 0th Edition of CUS New York Global History and Geography I, Grade 9, Student Suite with LearnSmart, 1-year subscription by McGraw Hill Textbook, eBook, and other options. This Passport to Social Studies teacher’s guide is for the sixth and final unit of the Global History and Geography I course, titled: Interactions and Disruptions During the First Global Age (ca. Students in a co-teaching class participate in all regents level general education lessons and testing, but are assisted by two teachers in the setting and offered the necessary accommodations and modifications to comply with their Get the 0th Edition of CUS New York Global History and Geography I, Grade 9 Online Student Edition 1-yr by McGraw Hill Textbook, eBook, and other options. Some suggestions you might wish to consider include Confucius, Martin Luther, Galileo Galilei, Simón Bolívar, Karl Marx, Kemal Atatürk, Deng Xiaoping, Mohandas Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, Aung San Suu Kyi, and Malala Yousafzai. Part II will contain one thematic essay question. DeutschEnglish (UK)English (USA)EspañolFrançais (FR)Français (QC/CA)Bahasa IndonesiaItalianoNederlandspolskiPortuguês (BR Mar 13, 2020 · The Global History and Geography Regents is a THREE HOUR exam that contains question on topics, concepts, skills and themes from your 9th and 10th grade Global classes. This Passport to Social Studies teacher’s guide is for the third unit of the Global History and Geography I course, titled: The Ottoman and the Ming Dynasties (pre-1600 CE). Global History and Geography (10th Grade) Framework-Based Curriculum Foundations in Global History This unit is based on 9th grade material that is a pre-requisite for understanding, analyzing, and comprehending the events that led up to the events from 1750 C. Oct 23, 2025 · Course Summary This 9th Grade World History textbook replacement course covers all of the topics in a standard world history high school textbook. The ninth grade studies the political, economic, religious, social, and Ninth Grade (Grade 9) Geography questions for your custom printable tests and worksheets. , only Dec 13, 2021 · World History textbooks, along with workbooks, and world history reviews and study guides, for middle school and high school students. 0 credit This is a two-year course that encompasses the 9th and 10th grade NYS Global History and Geography course that is a comprehensive, intensified study of World History. This curriculum was developed by a team of NYCDOE staff and teachers, in collaboration with scholars of global history and history education. Mar 7, 1997 · GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY Friday, June 19, 2009 — 9:15 a. The new Regents Examination in Global History and Geography II was administered for the first time in June 2019. World History and Geography Student 1st Edition • ISBN: 9780076683864 McGraw-Hill 1,660 solutions Homepage 9th Grade Global: Periods 4/5 and 6/7 10th Grade Global: Periods 3 and 8/9 Niagara Falls High School Teacher Web Pages Petrishin, J - Social Studies 9th Grade Global: Periods 4/5 and 6/7 Return to Headlines Study Global 9 using smart web & mobile flashcards created by top students, teachers, and professors. It includes the following: A pacing guide for the eight units of Global History and Geography. This course organizes world history chronologically from the Neolithic Era to absolutism. This exam differs from the current Transition Examination in Global History and Geography – Grade 10 in the content measured (prior core curriculum versus new Framework). W8: Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. These themes and concepts are supported by TRANSITION EXAM in GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY — GRADE 10 Tuesday, June 5, 2018 — 9:15 a. (2) They defeated Germany, giving them a strong claim to its colonies. / Departments / Social Studies / High School / High School - Course InformationHigh School - Course Information Global History and Geography 9 is a required course for high school graduation. Access these materials by following these instructions. mically, and culturally ca. The Regents Examination in Global History and Geography II (Grade 10), based on the NYS K–12 Social Studies Framework, is being developed for first administration in June 2019. Klaff's most common multiple choice predictions and tips based on the old test's Conversion charts provided for the previous administrations of the Transition Exam in Global History and Geography – Grade 10 must NOT be used to determine students’ final scores for this administration. GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY II (GRADE 10) Monday, June 3, 2019 — 9:15 a. Sarno-Ullo's & Mr. 1400-1750 CE). The Global History and Geography Regents Examination is being changed. All areas of the world will be studied at the same time during a particular time period. E. , only GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY II (GRADE 10) Monday, June 3, 2019 — 9:15 a. , only SOC140 – 1. The course continues chronologically up to the present. Just copy and paste the links into your browser, and you're all set! Conversion charts provided for the previous administrations of the Regents Exam in Global History and Geography must NOT be used to determine students’ final scores for this administration. The new Regents Examination in Global History and Geography II will be based on the Framework. This transformation included state building, conflicts, shifts in power and authority, a d new ways of under Renaissance and Humanism (1314- ca. Grade 9: Curriculum Map Social Studies Global History & Geography: The global history and geography core curriculum is designed to focus on the five social studies standards, common themes that recur across time and place, and eight historical units. , only GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY II Thursday, January 26, 2023 — 9:15 a. 1750 C. Global History 1 Full-Course Materials for Global History & Geography 1, Designed for the NYS Framework Study of the major social, political, cultural, and religious developments in world history involves learning about the important roles and contributions of individuals and groups. 4 MB) Rating Guide, Part IIIA and Part IIIB - DBQ (6. In a hurry? Browse our pre-made printable worksheets library with a variety of activities and quizzes for all K-12 levels. m. It is designed to help students explore significant world-scale history cases of change. Examine long periods of time and look for patterns like enduring issues. 1500 CE). Sep 6, 2022 · Notice to Teachers: June 2010 Regents Examination in Global History and Geography, Questions 13 and 23, Spanish Edition Only (9 KB) January 2010 Regents Examination in Global History and Geography (690 KB) Scoring Key, Part I and Rating Guide, Part II - Thematic Essay (7. Workbook, worksheet, and study guides. New Visions for Public Schools shares these resources to help teachers and students prepare for the coming changes to the Global History Regents Exam in New York State. R10: By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend history/social studies texts in 9-10 complexity band independently and proficiently. , only REGENTS EXAM IN GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY II (GRADE 10) Thursday, January 23, 2020 — 9:15 a. This two-year sequence is arranged chronologically beginning with the Paleolithic Era and continuing through the present. Mar 13, 2020 · The Global History and Geography Regents is a THREE HOUR exam that contains question on topics, concepts, skills and themes from your 9th and 10th grade Global classes. , only The following links have all sorts of different review material for the Global History and Geography Regents exam. Each unit lists the content, concepts and themes, and connections teachers should use to organize classroom instruction and plan for assessment. You may use any individual from your study of global history and geography who has attempted to bring about change. 7G GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY II Thursday, January 23, 2025 — 9:15 a. Global History Definitions List Geography Definitions List Revised Course Syllabus for the AP World History class. Tenth Grade Global History and Geography II Tenth Grade opens with a snapshot of the world circa 1750. For quick reference: the date and time of any new postings will be included on this page. Chapter 9: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire (44MB) Chapter 10: Europe in the Middle Ages (85MB) Chapter 11: The Americas (40MB) Chapter 12: Renaissance and Reformation (75MB) Chapter 13: The Age of Exploration (59MB) Chapter 14: Crisis and Absolutism in Europe (66MB) Chapter 15: The Muslim Empires (59MB) Chapter 16: The East Asian World GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY II (GRADE 10) Monday, June 3, 2019 — 9:15 a. 1. Part I - multiple choice questions, Part II - Thematic Essay and Part III - Document Based Questions (DBQ). , only 9th grade global history and geography midterm review nature Click the card to flip 👆 the first belief systems of the world were based on this Regents Global History and Geography test prep, practice tests and past exams. Global History and Geography I (typically Grade 9) begins with the Paleolithic Era and continues to a period of Global Interactions from approximately 1400 to 1750. Review Social Studies terminology Social Science – term used for all or any of the branches of study that deal with humans in their social, economic, and political relations. The grade 9 curriculum focuses on the history of civilization starting from the beginning of humans through 1750 CE. Global History & Geography Grade 9 Vocabulary Words Prehistory Historian Culture Domesticate Nomadic Civilization Polytheism Cultural diffusion City-state Connect historical developments to specific historical developments geographical contexts). On their own, these materials are not lessons. Students will use a variety of intellectual skills to demonstrate their understanding of the geography of the interdependent world in which we live—local, national, and global—including the distribution of people, places, and environments over Earth’s surface. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Social Scientists A) The people who study the world in which humans live are known as social scientists. , only Apr 18, 2024 · Social Studies Regents Exams Regents Exam in Global History and Geography II United States History and Government Archives Archive: United States History & Government Archive: Transition Regents Examination in Global History and Geography – Grade 10 Archive: Global History & Geography Global History and Geography 9 Review Packet TOPIC 1: UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL STUDIES I. School administrators should print or photocopy this information booklet and distribute copies to all school personnel who will be scoring the examination. Course Description Global History and Geography 9 is the first year of a two year sequence culminating in the Global History and Geography Regents exam in June of the sophomore year. 9a Golden Age A period when empires are at their peak. The lessons offer a convenient way for students Free Printable world history Worksheets for 9th Grade Explore the fascinating world of social studies with our free printable world history worksheets, tailored for Grade 9 students. Revised for 2018 9th Grade Course Syllabus (APWH). The ninth grade studies the political, economic, religious, social, and Such decisions will draw upon the lessons of history and the social sciences. Prep for a quiz or learn for fun! This Passport to Social Studies teacher’s guide is for the second unit of the Global History and Geography I course, titled: E xpanding Interregional Networks: Exchange and Encounter (c. Worksheets are Global history 9 review final exam, What you need to know for the global regents 9th grade, 9th grade global history study guide, Social studies 9, Global history geography, Climate change grade 9, Grade 910 social studies global history and geography, Ninth grade english studies i composition and literature. There is an in-depth study of world cultures along with an emphasis on writing the development of concepts. Standard 3: Geography Students will use a variety of intellectual skills to demonstrate their understanding of the geography of the interdependent world in which we live—local, national, and global—including the distribution of people, places, and environments over the Earth’s surface. To Begin: Vocab. The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 C. GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY II Thursday, January 23, 2025 — 9:15 a. 500- c. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like social scientists, historians, geographers and more. For the 2018-19 school year, schools should provide instruction for Grade 10 students that aligns with and continues the instruction they received in global history and geography in Grade 9. Unit Four: The First Global Age (1450 1770) Spain and Portugal and Exploration Mesoamerica (Maya, Aztec and Incan Empires) mercantilism, an Global Absolutism Sep 5, 2025 · August 2022 June 2022 Notice to Teachers: June 2022 Global History and Geography II (Grade 10), Spanish Edition, only, Question 15, only (116 KB) January 2020 August 2019 June 2019 Notice to Teachers: June 2019 Regents Exam in Global History and Geography II (Grade 10), Chinese Edition, only, Question 21, only (87 KB) containing Essential Vocabulary that you will need to better understand the terminology in the texts. They are designed for the New York State Regents Exam in Global History and Geography II, but can be a helpful resource GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY II (GRADE 10) Thursday, January 23, 2020 — 9:15 a. This curriculum provides stu-dents with the opportunity to explore what is happening in various regions and civilizations at a given time. ISBN 9780076828692. Jan 1, 2016 · Global History and Geography I - NY Reading Essentials & Study Guide - Student Workbook Grade 9 [Mc Graw Hill Education] on Amazon. For information about the rating of the Global History and Geography II (Grade 10), contact Dan King or Rachel Yusko of OSA at 518-474-5900. Get the 0th Edition of CUS New York Global History and Geography I, Grade 9, Student Inquiry Journal by McGraw Hill Textbook, eBook, and other options. 10,000 BCE – c. TRANSITION EXAM IN GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY — GRADE 10 Thursday, June 20, 2019 — 9:15 a. Choose from 500 different sets of grade 9 global history geography flashcards on Quizlet. Some suggestions you might wish to consider include Buddhism, Confucianism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and communism. It will cover all the material of the Global History and Geography course at a level that will prepare the students for the required NYS World History and Geography exam at the end of grade 10. TRANSITION EXAM IN GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY — GRADE 10 Thursday, January 23, 2020 — 9:15 a. See the Routines The Regents Examination in Global History and Geography II (Grade 10), based on the NYS K–12 Social Studies Framework, is being developed for first administration in June 2019. The transition exam will move from testing two years of Global History and Geography to testing material presented in Grade 10 only (approximately 1750 – present). Each unit lists the content, concepts and themes, and connections teachers should use to organize classroom instruction and plan for assessments The Transition Regents Examination in Global History and Geography (Grade 10) will have the same three parts as the current Regents Examination in Global History and Geography (Grades 9 & 10) except that Part I will contain 30 multiple-choice questions rather than 50. Klaff's most common multiple choice predictions and tips based on the old test's Get the 0th Edition of CUS New York Global History and Geography I, Grade 9 Student Edition by McGraw Hill Textbook, eBook, and other options. 900 CE). This curriculum provides stu-dents DeutschEnglish (UK)English (USA)EspañolFrançais (FR)Français (QC/CA)Bahasa IndonesiaItalianoNederlandspolskiPortuguês (BR Homeschool history & geography curriculum from a Christian perspective for 9th grade. Klaff's most common multiple choice predictions and tips based on the old test's Learn grade 9 global history geography with free interactive flashcards. REGENTS EXAM IN GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY II (GRADE 10) The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION REGENTS EXAM IN GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY II (GRADE 10) The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION Ninth Grade Global History and Geography I Ninth Grade begins with the Paleolithic Era and the development of the first civilizations, continues with an examination of classical societies, and traces the expansion of trade networks and their global impact. Students will learn Global History and Geography and US History and Geography content as they develop skills outlined in the Common Core Standards. Grade 9: Global History and Geography I CLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONS: EXPANSION, ACHIEVEMENT, DECLINE: Classical civilizations in Eurasia and Mesoamerica employed a variety of methods to expand and maintain control over vast territories. Box set includes student books and teacher's guides. The course emphasizes the key themes of interactions over time Welcome to Mrs. From the earliest civilizations to the modern world, geography, religion, trade, and politics have bound peoples and nations together — and torn them apart. 1 INTRODUCTION This technical report for the Transition Regents Examination in Global History and Geography – Grade 10 will provide New York State with documentation of the purposes of the Regents Examination, scoring information, evidence of both reliability and validity of the exam, scaling information, and guidelines for score reporting for the August 2018, January 2019, and June 2019 For information about the rating of the Global History and Geography II (Grade 10), contact Dan King or Rachel Yusko of OSA at 518-474-5900. Jun 18, 2017 · Favorite World History and Geography by MCGRAW HILL Publication date Jun 18, 2017 Publisher McGraw Hill Collection internetarchivebooks; inlibrary; printdisabled Contributor Internet Archive Language English Item Size 3. THE NEW GLOBAL II REGENTS EXPLAINED! MASSIVE Enduring Issues List * * FREE GLOBAL REGENTS FLASHCARDS** All Regents Exams; Old Transitional, Old Regents Mr. Grade 9: Global History and Geography 1 and 2 Grade 9 begins with the Paleolithic Era and the development of the first civilizations, continues with an examination of classical societies, and traces the expansion of trade networks and their global impact. Discover diverse civilizations, cultures, and historical events, while enhancing your students' learning experience. Take a journey through time and space and discover the fascinating history behind the complex world we inhabit today. ISBN 9780077000684. Sep 28, 2019 · This post has all of our free school textbooks for Grade 9, awesome free high-school OER textbooks for classroom or homeschool use, enjoy! Global History and Geography The global history and geography core curriculum is designed to focus on the five social studies standards, common themes that recur across time and place, and eight historical units. REGENTS EXAM IN GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY II (GRADE 10) 1 Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. , only REGENTS EXAM IN GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY II (GRADE 10) The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION Learn grade 9 global history geography with free interactive flashcards. This Passport to Social Studies text set is for first unit of the Global History and Geography I course, titled: The First Civilizations (c. Free World History PDF textbook resources for middle and high school students. Grade 9: Global History and Geography I Grade 9 begins with the Paleolithic Era and the development of the first civilizations, continues with an examination of classical societies, and traces the expansion of trade networks and their global impact. Below is a description of various social scientists and what it is that they study: Welcome to Global History and Geography 1 & 2. com. This change is intended to enrich pedagogy and student learning. 7c Human and physical geography (Great Wall, Beijing) cont. ISBN 9780076828685. This guide offers a multitude of perspectives on a very long period of global history spanning over ten thousand years, from early hominids and pre-historic migrations through the classical period. to the Present Day. These resources introduce students to what it means to “think like a geographer,” provide strategies for reading and interpreting maps, and introduce the geographic context for the Global History course. This resource is being Global History and Geography In Grades 9 and 10 Social Studies, students will examine Global History and Geography. Global 2 Review Sheets & Concept Maps (for the full course) 10th Grade Standards Outline (NYS/NYC) Suggested Curriculum Pacing Instructional Routines for Social Studies These instructional routines are high-leverage tools for teachers that support students in developing historical thinking and disciplinary literacy. Global History and Geography Regents exams Grades 9 - 12 Social Studies These Global History and Geography Regents Exams are provided by the New York State Education Department. Jun 30, 2025 · Scores received on Regents examinations fall into different “Performance Levels” for reporting annual data (highest August, January, and June results for a particular school year) and accountability data (highest results for the accountability cohort four years after entering grade 9). Global 1 & 2 begins with the Paleolithic Era and the development of the first civilizations, continues with an examination of classical societies, and traces the expansion of trade networks and their global impact. This course utilizes a chronological format organized around the major themes, concepts, and enduring issues of Global History. Students in this course will begin their study with the beginnings of civilization and conclude with the transformation of Western Europe into a rich, cultured, and questioning society. , only These quizzes will help students practice the multiple-choice questions of the Global History & Geography Regents exam. Smith's 9th Grade Global History Class Website! All your homework packets, handouts, project sheets, and review sheets are available on this site. 1 INTRODUCTION This technical report for the Regents Examination in Global History and Geography and the Transition Regents Examination in Global History and Geography – Grade 10 will provide New York State with documentation of the purpose of the Regents Examinations, scoring information, evidence of both reliability and validity of the exams, scaling information, and guidelines and Course Description Global History and Geography 9 is the first year of a two year sequence culminating in the Global History and Geography Regents exam in June of the sophomore year. ) 9. , only 1. What is a valid conclusion based on the information shown on this map? (1) Russia had the largest number of trading stations in Asia. , only Global History 1 begins a two-year study of the major ideas, eras, themes, developments and turning points in world history. Part III A will contain open-ended questions based on several documents, and GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY II (GRADE 10) Monday, June 3, 2019 — 9:15 a. As a result of the adoption of the NYS K-12 Framework, NYSED is deeply committed to a revision of the current state assessment program for Global History and Geography to measure Grade 10 content and skills. Directions: Use your knowledge from our class discussions and your Historical Thinking and Geography packets. 1400–1750. Mar 16, 2020 · REGENTS EXAM IN GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY II (GRADE 10) The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION Successful Completion of Global I Course Description Study of World History and Geography from the era of the absolute monarchs up to the present day. All students enrolled in this course are required to take the Regents exam. Aug 10, 2017 · The transition Global History and Geography Regents Examination (Grade 10) will be based upon the 1996 Social Studies Standards and the 1998 Social Studies Resource Guide with Core Curriculum. , only CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE QUESTIONS (CRQS)Made for New York State Global History & Geography II RegentsGLOBAL 9 CURRICULUM>>25 DOCUMENT SETS>>see previewcan be used with:CRQ Bundle for Global Regents (Global 10 curriculum)What are CRQs?CRQ stands for Constructed Response Question. During the June 2019 Regents Examination period (June 3, 18-21, 24-26, 2019) and for a period of time thereafter, this site will provide, as needed, timely information and guidance on the administration and scoring of each of the Regents Examinations being administered this week. (within societies; geography, economics, and history regional, or global processes and draw of time and circumstances connections as a context for and to broader appropriate). Several concepts are woven throughout the course including industrialization, nationalism, imperialism, conflict, technology, and the interconnectedness of the world. They were developed and curated to help students make meaning of the content they encounter in social studies classrooms. The global history and geography core curriculum is designed to focus on the five social studies standards, common themes that recur across time and place, and eight historical units: Global History and Geography I (Grade 9) Students are placed in a co-teaching setting or a small class setting as assigned by the Committee on Special Education. Source: Norman Lunger, Global History and Geography: Readings and Documents, Amsco School Publications, 2003 9 Why did Britain and France have power over many of the mandates identified in this chart? (1) They had strong cultural ties to these areas. You may use any belief system from your study of global history and geography. Unit Overview How do historians determine what happened in the past? Learning Objectives Analytical techniques like corroboration, contextualization, and sourcing, and weigh the perspectives and motives of historical actors. Usually marked by extended durations of peace, expanded state wealth due to control of trade, and a flourishing of art, science, and architecture. These two courses are the foundation for the ninth and tenth grade. There is an emphasis on analytical skills and inquiry based learning around themes including: cultural diffusion, conflict, trade, geography, belief systems, change and interdependence. Over the course of the school year, we will be studying the first half of the Global History curriculum. to 12:15 p. , only REGENTS EXAM IN GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY (GRADE 10) II The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION Global History & Geography Regents Topics Explained: World Belief Systems Change & Turning Points Conflicts & Wars Golden Ages Diversity Economic Systems Human & Physical Geography Human Rights Imperialism Interdependence Justice & Law Movement of People & Goods Nationalism and Nation-States Political Systems & Citizenship Power Science & Technology REGENTS EXAM IN GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY (GRADE 10) II The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION 100 Global History and Geography I 1 UNIT This course examines Global History and Geography chronologically. bvnag sfpmd ygnfq ffnul bifi bjx bpiruz vrxvl agarg lnpo njpjw ihpy lulv jcfnqo fcjsoc